1. 6 Murder in the Cathedral by T. S. Eliot
2. 6 Obasan by Joy Kogawa
3. 6 Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
4. 6 The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner
5. 6 The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway
6. 6 Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe
B.
7. 6 The Turn of the Screw by Henry James
b. The narrator of the book The Turn of the Screw by Henry James describes a past Christmas Eve gathering at an old house. Guests at this gathering would share their ghost stories to one another. Douglas, a guest that attended the Christmas Eve dinner, told his ghost story that involved two children- Flora and Miles- and his sister’s governess, with whom he was in love with. The governess was hired to watch over his niece and nephew. The governess begins her journey at Bly, the country home, where she meets Flora and a maid named Mrs. Grose. The following day the governess receives a letter establishing that Miles can no longer return to school, but the letter did not specify why. Confused, the governess asked Mrs. Grose if he has caused any trouble before, and she states that he has only caused the trouble that any normal boy would do. The governess then left to pick up Miles. Throughout her experience there, she strolls around the grounds frequently, and suddenly, one night, she sees an odd man in a tower of the home staring at her. They exchange an intense stare and move along. She encounters the man again staring into the
dining-room window. After this incident, she informs Mrs. Grose about the strange figure. She identifies him as Peter Quint, a former valet that as passed away. A few days later, the governess spots another figure while she was at the lake with Flora. The governess assumes that this is the previous governess that passed away, Miss Jessel. Thinking to herself, she concludes that Peter Quint is pursuing Miles and that Miss Jessel is pursuing Flora, the governess is on-guard and has amped up her protection and supervision. Miles’ strange behavior would progressively get worse. Some nights the governess’s candle would blow out because of a random gust of wind inside and then she would find Flora out of her bed staring out the window. The governess looked out the window one night at the same direction Flora was looking at and would notice Miles outside in the lawn just standing there motionless. This happened every once-in-awhile throughout the rest of the governess’s stay. The governess would write letters to the Uncle but they would never were sent. With Flora and Mrs. Grose gone, she thinks Miles was stealing them, and sure enough he admits to his thefts. Following his confession, the governess spots Peter Quint outside the window of the dining-room. She watches Quint in horror, and then points him out to Miles. Miles replies asking if it was Peter Quint. He walks to the window, cries out, and then falls into the governess’s arms. Dead.
· "Spark Notes." . Spark Notes. Web. 1 Apr 2013.
<http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/screw/summary.html>.
c.
· The Governess: The governess adores Flora and Miles when she first meets them, but then becomes suspicious of their actions and every word that slips through their lips. She is convinced that they hope to deceive her quickly. The children end up mesmerizing her into believing that they are pure and innocent. At these points and times, the governess is more affectionate to them and treats them as if she is the mother figure as opposed to being their teacher. Mrs. Grose was certain that the governess was losing her mind and humanity because of the visions she sees and the fear she feels. In the letters she writes, she states that the behavioral actions she did were because she was “in love” with her employer. It was never state whether this was true or not. Henry James provides only the governess’s side of the story, which may be inaccurate in whole or in part. Regardless, the
governess’s account was the full account that we never learn.
· Mrs. Grose: Mrs. Grose is illiterate and uneducated. She provides the governess with open ears and
loyal support. Mrs. Grose plays the role of the servant at the Bly country home. The servant knows more than what the governess even believes she knows. Mrs. Grose is underestimated throughout the book because she is illiterate and is a maid/servant. Mrs. Grose is willing to hear the governess out but doesn’t agree with her logic or conclusion.
· Miles: Miles alters from either a cunning, witty, and deceitful plaything of ghosts or merely an
innocent, young, unusually well-mannered boy. The governess never portrays the boy’s true character. The ghost Peter Quint is a bad influence on Miles. Miles continues to do bad things because Peter is his accomplice. Miles has to prove he is a bad kid to the governess and the maid because the ghost wants him to be.
· Flora: Consistent with Miles, Flora is either angelic or diabolical. In the beginning she appears to be
a perfect, colorful, little girl but throughout the book she becomes more demonic.
· "Spark Notes." . Spark Notes. Web. 1 Apr 2013.
< http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/screw/canalysis.html>.
d. The setting is in a rural area in a country home in Bly.
· "Spark Notes." . Spark Notes. Web. 1 Apr 2013.
http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/screw/section1.rhtml.
e. Man vs. Man: Man vs. Man is exhibited throughout this book by Henry James. The conflicts reside within the main characters, Flora, Miles, the governess, and Mrs. Grose, and the two ghosts, Peter Quint and Miss Jessel.
· SparkNotes Editors.“SparkNote on The Turn of the Screw.”
SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2004. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
f.
· Untold Truths: The characters throughout the book make indirect hints and/or are very vague with what they talk about. For example, the head master expels Miles but refuses to state why. This isn’t the only one. There is much, much more.
· Dehumanization: The ghosts brainwashed the children. This caused the kids to not act themselves and portray their real characters.
· Death: The governess rarely indicates the she is afraid of the ghosts and is frightened that the ghost will physically hard the children or even kill them. In the end, Miles just drops dead and the previous governess mysteriously died as well.
· SparkNotes Editors.“SparkNote on The Turn of the Screw.”
SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2004. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
g.
· Letters: The letters reveal the truth about what has happened at the country home. The events become more surreal when they have been written down.
· Light: When the governess has the wick lit on the candle, it creates light. The light symbolizes safety and security, but once the light is blown out by the ghost, it is no longer safe.
· Death: Both of the ghosts had lived here and died here. Miles just dropped dead one night after seeing Peter Quint outside the window. Death symbolizes the end.
· SparkNotes Editors.“SparkNote on The Turn of the Screw.”
SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2004. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
h. (below i)
- Picture: "Wikipedia." . Wikipedia. Web. 1 Apr 2013.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turn_of_the_Screw>.
- Video: "Youtube." . Youtube. Web. 1 Apr 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qb8_SnrZWzk>.
i. Citiations are after each individual section.
2. 6 Obasan by Joy Kogawa
3. 6 Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
4. 6 The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner
5. 6 The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway
- B.
– Jake Barnes, the narrator starts off delivering a biographical drawing of Robert Cohn, his friend. Jake is a veteran in World War 1 who is a journalist in Paris. His friend, Robert Cohn is a Jewish writer who also lives in Paris. Because of his very controlling girlfriend, Robert asks Jake to go with him to South America, but Jake refuses. That night Jake goes out to a dance club and sees the love of his life, a divorced socialite named Lady Brett Ashley. They had met in England during World War 1 when she had treated him for a war wound. She is an independent woman and free spirited. Lady Brett Ashley loves Jake but is not willing to give up sex to be in a committed relationship. The next day Jake and Cohn talk about Lady Brett and how she is going to marry an alcoholic Scottish veteran. After Lady Brett did not go through with her plans she arrives at Jake's house to tell him that she is moving to San Sebastian in Spain. Brett is gone and so is Jake's friend Cohn so Bill Gorton, one of Jake's friends comes to Paris to plan a trip with Jake to Spain. Bill Gorton and Jake meet Cohn in south of France and then travel to Spain. Once again Brett and Mike do not go through with their plans to meet Jake that night. Jake and Bill leave to fish while Cohn stays thinking that she might show up. Five days later they get a letter from Mike saying that they will be in Pamplona soon and they meet up later that day to go to a fiesta which starts in a couple days. When Cohn finds out Brett is in love with Romero, a bull fighter he then beats up Mike and Jake and later asks for their forgiveness. They all go their separate ways and Jake helps out Brett to get Mike back.
C.
– Jake Barnes is the narrator and an American veteran of World War I who is a journalist in Paris. He is in love with Lady Brett Ashley just like the rest of his friends but she does not want to be in a committed relationship. Lady Brett leaves for Spain and later on Jake and his friends meet her there. Jake tries to help out Lady Brett as much as possible. He does not tell his friends how much he cares for Brett because he knows how much they care about her and all he does is try to help her out. In the end he leaves Spain but later returns to help Lady Brett Ashley find Mike after her relationship with Romero ends.
– Lady Brett Ashley is a gorgeous British socialite who is a huge alcoholic and going through a divorce. She does love Jake but is not wanting to get into a relationship with him because she is not wanting to give up sex to be in a committed relationship. She does not want to commit to any relationship and goes back and forth from ex relationships and new ones. She does not want to stay with one guy and is very unfaithful.
D.
– In the novel The Sun Also Rises it takes place in Paris when an American veteran of World War I becomes a journalist just like his friend Cohn. They work together and are good friends until a beautiful woman named Lady Brett Ashley comes along and sees Jake at a dance club. She had helped treat him when he got wounded in the war and ever since then he has been in love with her. Though she won't date him because she does not want to be in a relationship and give up sex but she does love him. His friend Cohn loves Brett and to the point to where he is overly protective. With Cohn being overly protective of Brett he beats up anyone she is with because he is jealous which causes him to beat up his own friend and almost ruin their friendship over Lady Brett. Lady Brett had first met Jake when treating him for a wound he got while in battle and they loved each other but because she is not faithful and committing in a relationship she did not want to date him or his friend but instead used them to get what she wanted.
E.
– Jake is in love with a young woman named Lady Brett and she loves him too, but won't date him because she does not want to be in a committed relationship with anyone. Jake's friend Cohn is also madly in love with Lady Brett and is overly protective which causes him to beat up his friends for getting too close to her. Cohn also beats up Brett's current lover who is a bull rider at the fiesta.
F.
– Jake's love for Lady Brett causes him to go visit her whenever she wants him too and help her out with current lovers. At the end he goes back to Madrid to help the one he loves get back with her ex, Mike.
– Jake's friend Robert Cohn is in love with the same woman and is too overly protective of her which causes him to act out whenever he is drunk almost ending their friendship.
– Lady Brett Ashley is the main cause for any problems throughout the novel. Her beauty causes the men who fall for her to accidentally turn on each other or use them to get to another guy.
G.
– Love is a big symbol in the novel. All three of the men love Lady Brett and would do anything for her which causes them to fight over Brett.
– Friendship is a symbol because the situations really tested their friendship and if they would chose each other over the love of their life. They fought over her but at the end they apologized to each other.
– Brett did not believe in a relationship with one guy but moved back and forth through different guys and used their love for her to get them what they want. Both of the friends wanted to have a relationship with her and that was the main problem in the story.
H.
– https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ_7u2PkeWdOJKsNTXpSnl51BvK1GuIlpJ6Q6AjEKNa5GQaelL-hw
– Video: www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rzf1ukoZ-7o
I.
– Hemingway, Ernest. "Sparknotes The Sun Also Rises."http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/sun/summary.html. N.p.. Web. 2 Apr 2013.
6. 6 Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe
B.
- – Okonkwo is a warrior of the Umuofia clan and is very rich. Okonkwo's father who died in disrepute left Okonkwo haunted by his own fathers actions that left village debts unsettled. After that Okonkwo became a warrior, farmer, clansman and a family provider extraordinaire. Okonkwo also has a son that he fears is just like his father and would become a failure too. Umuofia wins a fifteen-year-old boy and a virgin. Okonkwo then treats the boy like his own son and Okonkwo's son, Nwoye, gets attached to the newcomer. Even though the fifteen-year-old boy ends up calling Okonkwo his father but Okonkwo never showed the boy any affection. Okonkwo accuses his wife of negligence during the Week of Peace. He then beats her and shocks his community by his actions. Ikemefuna, the young boy stays with Okonkwo's family for three years. From Ikemefuna's stay, Okonkwo's son develops a more masculine attitude and also looks up to Ikemefuna as an older brother. A respected village elder tells Okonkwo that the Oracle has ordered that Ikemefuna must be killed. Since Ikemefuna calls Okonkwo “father” that Okonkwo should not be there for Ikemefuna's death. Okonkwo lies to Ikemefuna saying that he needs to return to his home village and it leaves Nwoye, Okonkwo's son, in tears. After walking several hours with the men of Umuofia while thinking of his mother, Okonkwo's clansmen attack Ikemefuna with machetes. The young boy runs to Okonkwo for help, but trying not to look like he cares, he cuts the boy down. After that day, Okonkwo gets depressed and is not able to sleep or eat. The guy who warned Okonkwo to not take part in Ikemefuna's death dies and while at the funeral, Okonkwo's gun explodes killing the guys son. Since killing a clansmen is a crime, Okonkwo has to take his family into exile for seven years. Okonkwo ends up committing suicide within the first couple years of his exile.
- http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTjBOFVCwf19s17VJ4fAMXHGxJENxhBl9_zlDPTsR_WWMXuAPNm
Video: www.youtube.com/watch?v=o7FS95IcRNU
I.
– Achebe, Chinua. "Sparknotes Things Fall Apart."http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/things/themes.html. N.p.. Web. 2 Apr 2013.
C.
– Okonkwo was the son of Unoka, his father who he finds to be a coward and also had left many villages in debt. He is a respected rich warrior of the Umuofia clan. Okonkwo was also a father of a twelve year old boy, a farmer, a clansman, and warrior. He has also worried that his son was going to be like his father Unoka, who was a failure. Being the leader of the clan, Okonkwo does not want to be embarrassed by his sons laziness just like he was of his father. His hard work in war had earned him a high position in his clan and supports his three wives and their children. After the young boy growing attached to him, he then finds out the young boy has to die. After the young boys death he becomes depressed.
– Nwoye is the oldest son of Okonkwo who he believes is lazy and weak. Okonkwo's embarrassment of his oldest son, Nwoye, causes him to beat him hoping to teach him better to not be lazy. After Ikemefuna comes into the family, Nwoye becomes more masculine and develops a masculine behavior which pleases his father. Even though Okonkwo thinks that he is starting to act more masculine and start to act like his son, Nwoye does not believe in some of the laws of the tribe and eventually converts to Christianity. After that Okonkwo believes his son is just like his father with the same weaknesses. After Ikemefuna gets killed, Nwoye cannot believe that he is dead. Nwoye would look up to Ikemefuna as an older brother and It caused the family to lose any happiness.
D.
– The novel Things fall Apart, it takes place from Okonkwo being a leader and how he has a family. His oldest son he wants to follow in his footsteps but his son is starting to act more like his father than him, so he starts beating his son to hopefully change him and make him less lazy. Once Ikemefuna becomes a part of the family, Nwoye starts to act more masculine and starts to make his father proud. Nwoye looks up to Ikemefuna like an older brother but is devastated when Ikemefuna is killed. They are part of the Umuofia clan and it took Okonkwo a while to get to where he is so he refuses to show his feelings towards anyone so he does not seem weak. He does not stop or show any emotion to the people of his clan killing the boy who was like a son to him and even finishes it off himself when the young boy runs to him for help. He does regret it though, and is depressed for a long time after that to where he does not eat or drink.
E.
– In the beginning, when Okonkwo was a young boy he had felt embarrassed by his lazy father, Unoka who caused a lot of problems with different villages causing them to be in debt leaving the result of his actions on his son to fix. After Okonkwo marries and had children, his favorite, his daughter, gets sick but recovers. Okonkwo thinks that If his daughter was a son that she would be the perfect son. But later he gets the gift of a fifteen-year-old boy who ends up living with them. Not only does Okonkwo's family get attached to Ikemefuna but so does Okonkwo. In three years Ikemefuna gets Nwoye to become more masculine and gets him to look up to him. Okonkwo becomes pleased with Nwoye's progress, but as everything seems to be getting better, Ikemefuna gets killed and leaves the family in depression and Okonkwo eventually commits suicide.
F.
– Okonkwo was embarrassed of his oldest son because he thought he would end up like his sons grandfather. Okonkwo would beat his son because he thought he was lazy.
– Ikemefuna was a gift to Okonkwo and became a big part in his family. He ended up calling Okonkwo his father, but as much as Okonkwo cared for the young boy, he never showed weakness. Nwoye had looked up to Ikemefuna and thought of him as his older brother. Ikemefuna also helped Nwoye's attitude become more masculine.
– Ikemefuna was killed. Even though Okonkwo thought of him like a son, he could not show weakness. When Ikemefuna ran to Okonkwo for help, Okonkwo killed him himself so he didn't show weakness or that he cared.
– After Ikemefuna's death, the family was depressed especially Okonkwo. Okonkwo would not eat or sleep and Nwoye could not believe his best friend was dead.
G.
– Leadership- Okonkwo believed leadership and to be the best warrior you could be. Being a strong warrior was hard for is son, which caused Okonkwo to beat him so he would not end up like his father was. Ikemefuna had helped Nwoye become more masculine and not so lazy, but then the older brother he had looked up to was killed.
– Weakness- Okonkwo was a great leader of his clan but to be a great leader he could not show weakness. To try and act like he didn't care about the young boy, when Ikemefuna ran to him for help Okonkwo killed him. After Okonkwo killed Ikemefuna, his family was never happy again.
– Family- Okonkwo had three wives and children. Okonkwo favored his daughter wishing she was his son. His oldest son he was embarrassed of thinking he was like his father and lazy. Because of that he would beat his son. Once Ikemefuna came to live with them, everything was getting better and Okonkwo's son was becoming more masculine which pleased his father. When Ikemefuna was killed, Okonkwo's family fell apart, especially Okonkwo himself.
H.
7. 6 The Turn of the Screw by Henry James
b. The narrator of the book The Turn of the Screw by Henry James describes a past Christmas Eve gathering at an old house. Guests at this gathering would share their ghost stories to one another. Douglas, a guest that attended the Christmas Eve dinner, told his ghost story that involved two children- Flora and Miles- and his sister’s governess, with whom he was in love with. The governess was hired to watch over his niece and nephew. The governess begins her journey at Bly, the country home, where she meets Flora and a maid named Mrs. Grose. The following day the governess receives a letter establishing that Miles can no longer return to school, but the letter did not specify why. Confused, the governess asked Mrs. Grose if he has caused any trouble before, and she states that he has only caused the trouble that any normal boy would do. The governess then left to pick up Miles. Throughout her experience there, she strolls around the grounds frequently, and suddenly, one night, she sees an odd man in a tower of the home staring at her. They exchange an intense stare and move along. She encounters the man again staring into the
dining-room window. After this incident, she informs Mrs. Grose about the strange figure. She identifies him as Peter Quint, a former valet that as passed away. A few days later, the governess spots another figure while she was at the lake with Flora. The governess assumes that this is the previous governess that passed away, Miss Jessel. Thinking to herself, she concludes that Peter Quint is pursuing Miles and that Miss Jessel is pursuing Flora, the governess is on-guard and has amped up her protection and supervision. Miles’ strange behavior would progressively get worse. Some nights the governess’s candle would blow out because of a random gust of wind inside and then she would find Flora out of her bed staring out the window. The governess looked out the window one night at the same direction Flora was looking at and would notice Miles outside in the lawn just standing there motionless. This happened every once-in-awhile throughout the rest of the governess’s stay. The governess would write letters to the Uncle but they would never were sent. With Flora and Mrs. Grose gone, she thinks Miles was stealing them, and sure enough he admits to his thefts. Following his confession, the governess spots Peter Quint outside the window of the dining-room. She watches Quint in horror, and then points him out to Miles. Miles replies asking if it was Peter Quint. He walks to the window, cries out, and then falls into the governess’s arms. Dead.
· "Spark Notes." . Spark Notes. Web. 1 Apr 2013.
<http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/screw/summary.html>.
c.
· The Governess: The governess adores Flora and Miles when she first meets them, but then becomes suspicious of their actions and every word that slips through their lips. She is convinced that they hope to deceive her quickly. The children end up mesmerizing her into believing that they are pure and innocent. At these points and times, the governess is more affectionate to them and treats them as if she is the mother figure as opposed to being their teacher. Mrs. Grose was certain that the governess was losing her mind and humanity because of the visions she sees and the fear she feels. In the letters she writes, she states that the behavioral actions she did were because she was “in love” with her employer. It was never state whether this was true or not. Henry James provides only the governess’s side of the story, which may be inaccurate in whole or in part. Regardless, the
governess’s account was the full account that we never learn.
· Mrs. Grose: Mrs. Grose is illiterate and uneducated. She provides the governess with open ears and
loyal support. Mrs. Grose plays the role of the servant at the Bly country home. The servant knows more than what the governess even believes she knows. Mrs. Grose is underestimated throughout the book because she is illiterate and is a maid/servant. Mrs. Grose is willing to hear the governess out but doesn’t agree with her logic or conclusion.
· Miles: Miles alters from either a cunning, witty, and deceitful plaything of ghosts or merely an
innocent, young, unusually well-mannered boy. The governess never portrays the boy’s true character. The ghost Peter Quint is a bad influence on Miles. Miles continues to do bad things because Peter is his accomplice. Miles has to prove he is a bad kid to the governess and the maid because the ghost wants him to be.
· Flora: Consistent with Miles, Flora is either angelic or diabolical. In the beginning she appears to be
a perfect, colorful, little girl but throughout the book she becomes more demonic.
· "Spark Notes." . Spark Notes. Web. 1 Apr 2013.
< http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/screw/canalysis.html>.
d. The setting is in a rural area in a country home in Bly.
· "Spark Notes." . Spark Notes. Web. 1 Apr 2013.
http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/screw/section1.rhtml.
e. Man vs. Man: Man vs. Man is exhibited throughout this book by Henry James. The conflicts reside within the main characters, Flora, Miles, the governess, and Mrs. Grose, and the two ghosts, Peter Quint and Miss Jessel.
· SparkNotes Editors.“SparkNote on The Turn of the Screw.”
SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2004. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
f.
· Untold Truths: The characters throughout the book make indirect hints and/or are very vague with what they talk about. For example, the head master expels Miles but refuses to state why. This isn’t the only one. There is much, much more.
· Dehumanization: The ghosts brainwashed the children. This caused the kids to not act themselves and portray their real characters.
· Death: The governess rarely indicates the she is afraid of the ghosts and is frightened that the ghost will physically hard the children or even kill them. In the end, Miles just drops dead and the previous governess mysteriously died as well.
· SparkNotes Editors.“SparkNote on The Turn of the Screw.”
SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2004. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
g.
· Letters: The letters reveal the truth about what has happened at the country home. The events become more surreal when they have been written down.
· Light: When the governess has the wick lit on the candle, it creates light. The light symbolizes safety and security, but once the light is blown out by the ghost, it is no longer safe.
· Death: Both of the ghosts had lived here and died here. Miles just dropped dead one night after seeing Peter Quint outside the window. Death symbolizes the end.
· SparkNotes Editors.“SparkNote on The Turn of the Screw.”
SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2004. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
h. (below i)
- Picture: "Wikipedia." . Wikipedia. Web. 1 Apr 2013.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turn_of_the_Screw>.
- Video: "Youtube." . Youtube. Web. 1 Apr 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qb8_SnrZWzk>.
i. Citiations are after each individual section.